What is the current annual payout ratio of LIN?

As of today, LIN annual payout ratio is 39.83%

What is 1-year change in LIN annual payout ratio?

LIN annual payout ratio is up +1.07% year-over-year

What is 3-year change in LIN annual payout ratio?

LIN annual payout ratio is down -27.25% over the past 3 years

How far is LIN annual payout ratio from its all-time high?

LIN annual payout ratio is currently -52.14% below its historical high of 83.23% set on December 31, 2019

How does LIN annual payout ratio rank versus sector peers?

LIN annual payout ratio is higher than 89.90% of companies in Basic Materials sector

When is LIN next annual earnings release?

As of today, the next annual earnings release for LIN has not been scheduled

What is the current TTM payout ratio of LIN?

As of today, LIN TTM payout ratio is 40.03%

What is LIN TTM payout ratio most recent change?

LIN TTM payout ratio remained unchanged on August 10, 2026

What is 1-year change in LIN TTM payout ratio?

LIN TTM payout ratio is down -2.58% year-over-year

How far is LIN TTM payout ratio from its all-time high?

LIN TTM payout ratio is currently -56.34% below its historical high of 91.69% set on December 2, 2020

How does LIN TTM payout ratio rank versus sector peers?

LIN TTM payout ratio is higher than 90.10% of companies in Basic Materials sector

When is LIN next earnings release?

The next earnings release for LIN is on October 30, 2026

What is the current quarterly payout ratio of LIN?

As of today, LIN quarterly payout ratio is 37.42%

What is LIN quarterly payout ratio most recent change?

LIN quarterly payout ratio was down -4.05% on June 30, 2026

What is 1-year change in LIN quarterly payout ratio?

LIN quarterly payout ratio is down -4.00% year-over-year

How far is LIN quarterly payout ratio from its all-time high?

LIN quarterly payout ratio is currently -91.89% below its historical high of 461.22% set on December 31, 2017

How does LIN quarterly payout ratio rank versus sector peers?

LIN quarterly payout ratio is higher than 89.68% of companies in Basic Materials sector

When is LIN next earnings release?

The next earnings release for LIN is on October 30, 2026

Linde Plc (LIN) Payout Ratio History & Chart Since 1992

Annual Payout Ratio

39.83%0.42%+1.07%

December 31, 2025

Summary

Current Value: As of today, LIN annual payout ratio is 39.83%, up +1.07% on December 31, 2025
Historical Performance: LIN annual payout ratio is down -27.25% over the past 3 years, down -48.51% over the past 5 years
All-Time High Comparison: LIN annual payout ratio is currently -52.14% below its historical high of 83.23% set on December 31, 2019
3-Year Low Comparison: LIN annual payout ratio is +1.76% above its 3-year low of 39.14% reached on December 31, 2023
Sector Comparison: LIN annual payout ratio is higher than 89.90% of companies in Basic Materials sector

Payout Ratio Chart

Performance

LIN Performance
Metric	Date	Value	1Y	3Y	5Y	15Y
Annual Payout Ratio	Dec 31, 25	39.83%	+1.1%	-27.3%	-48.5%	-10.8%
Quarterly Payout Ratio	Jun 30, 26	37.42%	-4.0%	-3.2%	-40.3%	+8.8%
TTM Payout Ratio	Aug 10, 26	40.03%	-2.6%	-6.2%	-38.3%	-9.2%
Price	Aug 10, 26	$492.46	+4.7%	+29.0%	+60.8%	+406.5%
Annual Dividend Yield	Aug 10, 26	1.22%	+3.4%	-0.8%	-3.2%	-34.0%
Annual Dividends Paid	Dec 31, 25	$2.81B	+5.9%	+19.9%	+38.6%	+410.2%
Annual Dividend	Dec 31, 25	$6.00	+7.9%	+28.2%	+55.8%	+233.3%
Annual Free Cash Flow	Dec 31, 25	$5.06B	+2.8%	-11.0%	+25.7%	+879.5%
Annual Revenue	Dec 31, 25	$33.99B	+3.0%	+1.9%	+24.8%	+236.0%
Annual EPS	Dec 31, 25	$14.61	+7.3%	+77.5%	+210.3%	+280.4%

Payout Ratio Highs

LIN Annual Payout Ratio Highs Comparison
Period	High	Date	Current
3Y	54.75%	N/A	-27.3%
5Y	77.35%	N/A	-48.5%
All	83.23%	Dec 31, 19	-52.1%

Payout Ratio Lows

LIN Annual Payout Ratio Lows Comparison
Period	Low	Date	Current
3Y	39.14%	Dec 31, 23	+1.8%
5Y	39.14%	Dec 31, 23	+1.8%
All	12.40%	Dec 31, 92	+221.2%

Payout Ratio History

Year	Value	Change
2025	39.83%	+1.1%
2024	39.41%	+0.7%
2023	39.14%	-28.5%
2022	54.75%	-1.0%
2021	55.33%	-28.5%
2020	77.35%	-7.1%
2019	83.23%	+206.1%
2018	27.19%	-60.5%
2017	68.88%	+23.8%
2016	55.66%	+8.1%
2015	51.48%	+18.4%
2014	43.47%	+12.7%
2013	38.56%	+2.7%
2012	37.56%	+7.4%
2011	34.96%	-21.7%
2010	44.65%	+17.9%
2009	37.86%	+1.6%

Year	Value	Change
2008	37.26%	+19.3%
2007	31.23%	-1.5%
2006	31.70%	+4.6%
2005	30.30%	+13.0%
2004	26.82%	+9.6%
2003	24.47%	+13.0%
2002	21.65%	-11.4%
2001	24.44%	-2.7%
2000	25.13%	+37.2%
1999	18.31%	+11.2%
1998	16.46%	+14.9%
1997	14.32%	-13.6%
1996	16.57%	+14.9%
1995	14.42%	+2.9%
1994	14.02%	-15.9%
1993	16.67%	+34.4%
1992	12.40%	-

FAQ

What is the current annual payout ratio of LIN?: As of today, LIN annual payout ratio is 39.83%
What is 1-year change in LIN annual payout ratio?: LIN annual payout ratio is up +1.07% year-over-year
What is 3-year change in LIN annual payout ratio?: LIN annual payout ratio is down -27.25% over the past 3 years
How far is LIN annual payout ratio from its all-time high?: LIN annual payout ratio is currently -52.14% below its historical high of 83.23% set on December 31, 2019
How does LIN annual payout ratio rank versus sector peers?: LIN annual payout ratio is higher than 89.90% of companies in Basic Materials sector
When is LIN next annual earnings release?: As of today, the next annual earnings release for LIN has not been scheduled

Payout Ratio Formula

Payout Ratio =

Dividend Per Share

EPS

× 100%

TTM Payout Ratio

40.03%0.00%0.00%

August 10, 2026

Summary

Current Value: As of today, LIN TTM payout ratio is 40.03%, unchanged on August 10, 2026
Historical Performance: LIN TTM payout ratio is down -2.58% year-over-year, down -6.21% over the past 3 years
All-Time High Comparison: LIN TTM payout ratio is currently -56.34% below its historical high of 91.69% set on December 2, 2020
3-Year Low Comparison: LIN TTM payout ratio is +1.50% above its 3-year low of 39.44% reached on September 30, 2025
Sector Comparison: LIN TTM payout ratio is higher than 90.10% of companies in Basic Materials sector

Performance

LIN Performance
Metric	Date	Value	3M	1Y	3Y	5Y
TTM Payout Ratio	Aug 10, 26	40.03%	-1.1%	-2.6%	-6.2%	-38.3%
Quarterly Payout Ratio	Jun 30, 26	37.42%	-4.0%	-4.0%	-3.2%	-40.3%
Annual Payout Ratio	Dec 31, 25	39.83%	–	+1.1%	-27.3%	-48.5%
Price	Aug 10, 26	$492.46	-2.4%	+4.7%	+29.0%	+60.8%
TTM Dividend Yield	Aug 10, 26	1.26%	+4.1%	+2.4%	-1.6%	-4.5%
TTM Dividends Paid	Jun 30, 26	$2.88B	+1.2%	+5.3%	+19.3%	+36.2%
TTM Dividend	Aug 10, 26	$6.20	+1.6%	+7.3%	+26.8%	+53.2%
TTM Free Cash Flow	Jun 30, 26	$4.98B	-2.4%	-1.9%	-7.9%	+0.8%
TTM Revenue	Jun 30, 26	$35.45B	+2.3%	+6.6%	+7.1%	+22.4%
TTM EPS	Jun 30, 26	$15.49	+2.8%	+10.1%	+35.2%	+148.2%

TTM Payout Ratio Highs

LIN TTM Payout Ratio Highs Comparison
Period	High	Date	Current
1Y	41.87%	Sep 4, 25	-4.4%
3Y	43.60%	Sep 1, 23	-8.2%
5Y	66.39%	Sep 2, 21	-39.7%
All	91.69%	Dec 2, 20	-56.3%

TTM Payout Ratio Lows

LIN TTM Payout Ratio Lows Comparison
Period	Low	Date	Current
1Y	39.44%	Sep 30, 25	+1.5%
3Y	39.44%	Sep 30, 25	+1.5%
5Y	39.44%	Sep 30, 25	+1.5%
All	-56.91%	Jun 30, 93	+170.3%

TTM Payout Ratio History

Month	Value	Change
Aug 2026	40.03%	0.0%
Jun 2026	40.03%	-1.1%
Mar 2026	40.49%	-1.5%
Dec 2025	41.10%	+4.2%
Sep 2025	39.44%	-4.0%
Jun 2025	41.09%	-0.1%
Mar 2025	41.15%	+0.8%
Dec 2024	40.83%	-1.2%
Sep 2024	41.33%	+1.9%
Jun 2024	40.56%	+0.2%
Mar 2024	40.46%	-0.1%
Dec 2023	40.49%	-1.9%
Sep 2023	41.27%	-3.3%
Jun 2023	42.68%	-19.7%
Mar 2023	53.16%	-6.4%
Dec 2022	56.80%	-6.1%
Sep 2022	60.46%	-6.4%
Jun 2022	64.62%	+15.4%
Mar 2022	55.98%	-3.1%
Dec 2021	57.80%	-5.1%
Sep 2021	60.90%	-6.1%
Jun 2021	64.83%	-9.7%
Mar 2021	71.79%	-12.2%
Dec 2020	81.75%	-8.8%
Sep 2020	89.59%	+3.2%
Jun 2020	86.83%	+4.6%
Mar 2020	83.00%	-0.6%
Dec 2019	83.46%	+131.4%
Sep 2019	36.06%	+3.9%
Jun 2019	34.72%	+8.6%
Mar 2019	31.98%	+7.7%
Dec 2018	29.70%	-55.1%
Sep 2018	66.13%	-1.5%
Jun 2018	67.17%	-3.9%
Mar 2018	69.93%	-4.0%
Dec 2017	72.87%	+31.6%
Sep 2017	55.39%	-3.7%
Jun 2017	57.51%	+0.8%
Mar 2017	57.03%	-0.9%
Dec 2016	57.53%	+2.3%
Sep 2016	56.21%	+5.5%
Jun 2016	53.29%	-4.8%
Mar 2016	55.98%	+4.9%
Dec 2015	53.36%	-6.1%
Sep 2015	56.81%	+7.0%
Jun 2015	53.11%	+12.8%
Mar 2015	47.08%	+3.9%
Dec 2014	45.30%	+11.9%
Sep 2014	40.48%	-0.1%
Jun 2014	40.52%	+0.5%
Mar 2014	40.30%	-1.4%
Dec 2013	40.89%	-1.5%
Sep 2013	41.53%	+1.1%
Jun 2013	41.08%	+1.0%
Mar 2013	40.69%	+3.7%
Dec 2012	39.22%	+2.3%
Sep 2012	38.32%	+1.8%
Jun 2012	37.63%	+1.7%
Mar 2012	37.00%	+0.8%
Dec 2011	36.70%	-15.3%
Sep 2011	43.33%	-1.7%
Jun 2011	44.08%	-1.8%
Mar 2011	44.90%	-4.2%
Dec 2010	46.88%	+20.5%

Month	Value	Change
Sep 2010	38.89%	-0.9%
Jun 2010	39.26%	-2.4%
Mar 2010	40.24%	+1.1%
Dec 2009	39.80%	-9.8%
Sep 2009	44.12%	+3.6%
Jun 2009	42.58%	+5.0%
Mar 2009	40.56%	+2.5%
Dec 2008	39.58%	+14.7%
Sep 2008	34.50%	+1.2%
Jun 2008	34.09%	+0.8%
Mar 2008	33.82%	+2.0%
Dec 2007	33.15%	-0.3%
Sep 2007	33.24%	-1.2%
Jun 2007	33.64%	+0.3%
Mar 2007	33.55%	+0.7%
Dec 2006	33.33%	+2.1%
Sep 2006	32.63%	-7.8%
Jun 2006	35.39%	+3.5%
Mar 2006	34.20%	+5.5%
Dec 2005	32.43%	-1.3%
Sep 2005	32.86%	+14.5%
Jun 2005	28.70%	+0.2%
Mar 2005	28.64%	+0.2%
Dec 2004	28.57%	-1.3%
Sep 2004	28.96%	+3.8%
Jun 2004	27.89%	+4.3%
Mar 2004	26.74%	+3.8%
Dec 2003	25.77%	+6.8%
Sep 2003	24.13%	-0.2%
Jun 2003	24.18%	+3.2%
Mar 2003	23.43%	+2.7%
Dec 2002	22.82%	-1.3%
Sep 2002	23.13%	-10.7%
Jun 2002	25.90%	-2.3%
Mar 2002	26.52%	+3.0%
Dec 2001	25.76%	-24.5%
Sep 2001	34.10%	+22.2%
Jun 2001	27.90%	+1.9%
Mar 2001	27.37%	-0.2%
Dec 2000	27.43%	+32.8%
Sep 2000	20.65%	+0.1%
Jun 2000	20.63%	-1.0%
Mar 2000	20.83%	+1.2%
Dec 1999	20.59%	+1.2%
Sep 1999	20.34%	+1.7%
Jun 1999	20.00%	+2.9%
Mar 1999	19.43%	+1.0%
Dec 1998	19.23%	+3.2%
Sep 1998	18.63%	+2.8%
Jun 1998	18.13%	+2.9%
Mar 1998	17.62%	+3.4%
Dec 1997	17.04%	+0.6%
Sep 1997	16.93%	-23.2%
Jun 1997	22.04%	-32.5%
Mar 1997	32.64%	-49.3%
Dec 1996	64.41%	-9.4%
Dec 1995	71.11%	-0.9%
Dec 1994	71.79%	+203.9%
Dec 1993	23.62%	+143.4%
Sep 1993	-54.43%	+4.4%
Jun 1993	-56.91%	-39.4%
Mar 1993	-40.83%	-56.6%
Dec 1992	-26.08%	-

FAQ

What is the current TTM payout ratio of LIN?: As of today, LIN TTM payout ratio is 40.03%
What is LIN TTM payout ratio most recent change?: LIN TTM payout ratio remained unchanged on August 10, 2026
What is 1-year change in LIN TTM payout ratio?: LIN TTM payout ratio is down -2.58% year-over-year
How far is LIN TTM payout ratio from its all-time high?: LIN TTM payout ratio is currently -56.34% below its historical high of 91.69% set on December 2, 2020
How does LIN TTM payout ratio rank versus sector peers?: LIN TTM payout ratio is higher than 90.10% of companies in Basic Materials sector
When is LIN next earnings release?: The next earnings release for LIN is on October 30, 2026

Payout Ratio Formula

Payout Ratio =

Dividend Per Share

EPS

× 100%

Quarterly Payout Ratio

37.42%1.58%-4.05%

June 30, 2026

Summary

Current Value: As of today, LIN quarterly payout ratio is 37.42%, down -4.05% on June 30, 2026
Historical Performance: LIN quarterly payout ratio is down -4.00% year-over-year, down -3.18% over the past 3 years
All-Time High Comparison: LIN quarterly payout ratio is currently -91.89% below its historical high of 461.22% set on December 31, 2017
3-Year Low Comparison: LIN quarterly payout ratio is +5.26% above its 3-year low of 35.55% reached on September 30, 2025
Sector Comparison: LIN quarterly payout ratio is higher than 89.68% of companies in Basic Materials sector

Performance

LIN Performance
Metric	Date	Value	3M	1Y	3Y	5Y
Quarterly Payout Ratio	Jun 30, 26	37.42%	-4.0%	-4.0%	-3.2%	-40.3%
Annual Payout Ratio	Dec 31, 25	39.83%	–	+1.1%	-27.3%	-48.5%
TTM Payout Ratio	Aug 10, 26	40.03%	-1.1%	-2.6%	-6.2%	-38.3%
Price	Aug 10, 26	$492.46	-2.4%	+4.7%	+29.0%	+60.8%
TTM Dividend Yield	Aug 10, 26	1.26%	+4.1%	+2.4%	-1.6%	-4.5%
Quarterly Dividends Paid	Jun 30, 26	$738.00M	-0.4%	+4.8%	+18.5%	+34.4%
TTM Dividend	Aug 10, 26	$6.20	+1.6%	+7.3%	+26.8%	+53.2%
Quarterly Free Cash Flow	Jun 30, 26	$833.00M	-7.2%	-12.7%	-35.5%	-23.1%
Quarterly Revenue	Jun 30, 26	$9.29B	+5.8%	+9.3%	+13.2%	+22.5%
Quarterly EPS	Jun 30, 26	$4.15	+4.2%	+11.3%	+30.1%	+158.5%

Quarterly Payout Ratio Highs

LIN Quarterly Payout Ratio Highs Comparison
Period	High	Date	Current
1Y	44.37%	Dec 31, 25	-15.7%
3Y	44.37%	Dec 31, 25	-15.7%
5Y	142.68%	Jun 30, 22	-73.8%
All	461.22%	Dec 31, 17	-91.9%

Quarterly Payout Ratio Lows

LIN Quarterly Payout Ratio Lows Comparison
Period	Low	Date	Current
1Y	35.55%	Sep 30, 25	+5.3%
3Y	35.55%	Sep 30, 25	+5.3%
5Y	35.55%	Sep 30, 25	+5.3%
All	13.71%	Jun 30, 97	+172.9%

Quarterly Payout Ratio History

Month	Value	Change
Jun 2026	37.42%	-4.1%
Mar 2026	39.00%	-12.1%
Dec 2025	44.37%	+24.8%
Sep 2025	35.55%	-8.8%
Jun 2025	38.98%	-6.0%
Mar 2025	41.48%	+11.4%
Dec 2024	37.25%	-9.8%
Sep 2024	41.30%	+5.6%
Jun 2024	39.12%	-2.6%
Mar 2024	40.18%	+2.8%
Dec 2023	39.09%	+0.9%
Sep 2023	38.73%	+0.2%
Jun 2023	38.65%	-3.7%
Mar 2023	40.14%	-6.8%
Dec 2022	43.06%	-3.6%
Sep 2022	44.69%	-68.7%
Jun 2022	142.68%	+191.6%
Mar 2022	48.93%	-4.7%
Dec 2021	51.33%	-5.1%
Sep 2021	54.11%	-13.7%
Jun 2021	62.67%	+15.2%
Mar 2021	54.38%	-13.5%
Dec 2020	62.89%	-9.3%
Sep 2020	69.32%	-33.8%
Jun 2020	104.76%	+24.2%
Mar 2020	84.32%	-4.0%
Dec 2019	87.83%	+36.3%
Sep 2019	64.43%	-26.3%
Jun 2019	87.45%	-14.7%
Mar 2019	102.58%	+541.1%
Dec 2018	16.00%	-67.7%
Sep 2018	49.58%	+4.4%
Jun 2018	47.49%	-5.4%
Mar 2018	50.21%	-89.1%
Dec 2017	461.22%	+791.8%
Sep 2017	51.72%	-3.5%
Jun 2017	53.57%	-3.8%
Mar 2017	55.69%	+9.0%
Dec 2016	51.07%	-17.9%
Sep 2016	62.21%	+18.9%
Jun 2016	52.32%	-10.5%
Mar 2016	58.47%	+23.5%
Dec 2015	47.33%	-3.7%
Sep 2015	49.15%	-23.5%
Jun 2015	64.26%	+32.9%
Mar 2015	48.36%	-19.9%
Dec 2014	60.38%	+56.5%
Sep 2014	38.57%	-2.4%
Jun 2014	39.50%	-4.5%
Mar 2014	41.34%	+18.4%
Dec 2013	34.91%	-8.4%
Sep 2013	38.10%	-0.8%
Jun 2013	38.39%	-12.4%
Mar 2013	43.84%	+15.1%
Dec 2012	38.08%	+2.2%
Sep 2012	37.27%	+0.9%
Jun 2012	36.94%	-2.7%
Mar 2012	37.96%	+9.8%
Dec 2011	34.57%	+2.1%
Sep 2011	33.86%	-1.6%
Jun 2011	34.40%	-7.4%
Mar 2011	37.16%	-61.5%
Dec 2010	96.48%	+169.3%

Month	Value	Change
Sep 2010	35.82%	-0.4%
Jun 2010	35.96%	-15.8%
Mar 2010	42.72%	+22.3%
Dec 2009	34.94%	-3.8%
Sep 2009	36.31%	-8.2%
Jun 2009	39.55%	-4.2%
Mar 2009	41.28%	-26.1%
Dec 2008	55.83%	+74.6%
Sep 2008	31.97%	-2.7%
Jun 2008	32.87%	-9.5%
Mar 2008	36.34%	+28.4%
Dec 2007	28.31%	-6.4%
Sep 2007	30.25%	-5.5%
Jun 2007	32.00%	-8.7%
Mar 2007	35.04%	+20.2%
Dec 2006	29.14%	-8.6%
Sep 2006	31.89%	+1.2%
Jun 2006	31.50%	-9.4%
Mar 2006	34.76%	+34.9%
Dec 2005	25.76%	-48.5%
Sep 2005	50.00%	+91.4%
Jun 2005	26.13%	-9.0%
Mar 2005	28.71%	+11.3%
Dec 2004	25.79%	-3.7%
Sep 2004	26.78%	+2.6%
Jun 2004	26.09%	-9.5%
Mar 2004	28.82%	+6.1%
Dec 2003	27.16%	+21.0%
Sep 2003	22.44%	0.0%
Jun 2003	22.44%	-13.5%
Mar 2003	25.93%	+24.5%
Dec 2002	20.83%	-8.6%
Sep 2002	22.79%	+14.7%
Jun 2002	19.87%	-16.0%
Mar 2002	23.66%	+6.9%
Dec 2001	22.13%	-47.0%
Sep 2001	41.79%	+94.0%
Jun 2001	21.54%	-3.5%
Mar 2001	22.31%	-91.1%
Dec 2000	250.00%	+1,212.3%
Sep 2000	19.05%	-2.5%
Jun 2000	19.53%	+2.5%
Mar 2000	19.05%	+8.2%
Dec 1999	17.60%	-5.9%
Sep 1999	18.70%	-0.5%
Jun 1999	18.80%	+3.4%
Mar 1999	18.18%	+10.0%
Dec 1998	16.53%	+7.0%
Sep 1998	15.45%	-6.5%
Jun 1998	16.53%	-4.9%
Mar 1998	17.39%	+19.7%
Dec 1997	14.53%	+4.3%
Sep 1997	13.93%	+1.6%
Jun 1997	13.71%	-9.4%
Mar 1997	15.13%	-3.2%
Dec 1996	15.63%	-14.0%
Dec 1995	18.18%	+11.1%
Dec 1994	16.36%	-18.2%
Dec 1993	20.00%	-20.0%
Sep 1993	25.00%	+18.8%
Jun 1993	21.05%	-13.2%
Mar 1993	24.24%	-

FAQ

What is the current quarterly payout ratio of LIN?: As of today, LIN quarterly payout ratio is 37.42%
What is LIN quarterly payout ratio most recent change?: LIN quarterly payout ratio was down -4.05% on June 30, 2026
What is 1-year change in LIN quarterly payout ratio?: LIN quarterly payout ratio is down -4.00% year-over-year
How far is LIN quarterly payout ratio from its all-time high?: LIN quarterly payout ratio is currently -91.89% below its historical high of 461.22% set on December 31, 2017
How does LIN quarterly payout ratio rank versus sector peers?: LIN quarterly payout ratio is higher than 89.68% of companies in Basic Materials sector
When is LIN next earnings release?: The next earnings release for LIN is on October 30, 2026

Payout Ratio Formula

Payout Ratio =

Dividend Per Share

EPS

× 100%

Data Sources & References

LIN Official Website www.linde.com
Most Recent Annual Report (10-K) www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1707925/000119312525306646/0001193125-25-306646-index.htm
LIN Profile on Yahoo Finance finance.yahoo.com/quote/LIN
LIN Profile on NASDAQ.com www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/lin